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# Classical-Swedish Allusions: Gold Benchmark
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A small
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## Purpose
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This is **not training data**. It is a fixed, public reference standard.
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The pairs were chosen to span several difficulty modes:
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- **Verbatim Latin quotations** embedded in Swedish text
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- **Translated proverbial tags** (e.g. *parturient montes* → "skohla bärgen föda")
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- **Homeric formulas** rendered into Swedish ("ἔπεα πτερόεντα" → "de bevingade orden")
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- **Biblical and Pauline phrases** echoed in 19th-c. Swedish prose
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- **Extended paraphrases** of classical passages
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- **Stylistic imitations** of classical forms (epinician, Homeric simile, etc.)
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Many of these are **outside the reach of current retrieval-based systems**. That is intentional. The benchmark defines the open problem.
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## Files
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- `manual.tsv` — the raw gold pairs, tab-separated, headless, two columns: source_sentence, target_sentence. The source side matches sentences as they appear in the Perseus Digital Library
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- `gold_benchmark.jsonl` — the expanded benchmark, one record per (source_window, target_window) positional variant. Each gold pair appears multiple times: the focal sentence can sit at positions 0..4 within its 5-sentence window on each side. This tests positional robustness.
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| `target_book` | str | Swedish book identifier |
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| `target_sent_idx` | int | Sentence index in the SaT-segmented Swedish text |
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A single source allusion may have multiple `gold_pair_id` realizations if the same Greek/Latin sentence appears in multiple Perseus files (e.g. Vergil's *auri sacra fames* appearing in *Aeneid* and again in Quintilian's quotation).
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## Evaluation protocol
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The recommended evaluation metric is **gold_pair_id-level recall**: a system succeeds on a gold pair if it recovers **any** of that pair's (source_window, target_window) records. Positional variants exist to test robustness, not to inflate the count.
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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import json
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gold = load_dataset("Ericu950/classical-swedish-allusions-gold", split="test")
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gold_pair_ids = set(rec["gold_pair_id"] for rec in gold)
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# After running your pipeline against the source/target corpora:
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recovered_pair_ids = set() # populate from your pipeline output
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recall = len(recovered_pair_ids & gold_pair_ids) / len(gold_pair_ids)
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print(f"Gold recall: {recall:.2%}")
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```
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## Reference baseline
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The pipeline described in [`Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2) recovers approximately 3 of these gold pairs at the time of the benchmark's release. The remaining ~12 require capabilities the current architecture lacks:
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- Recognizing **translated proverbial tags** where surface forms diverge entirely (Latin→Swedish translation memory)
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- Recognizing **stylistic imitations** as kindred rather than as citations
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- Recognizing **biblical thematic echoes** without explicit lexical overlap
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The benchmark is intended to define these as open problems, not to suggest the current pipeline is failing.
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## Languages
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## Source corpora
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- Greek + Latin: Perseus Digital Library, sentence-segmented
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- Swedish: hand-curated texts
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## License
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CC BY 4.0. Free to use for any purpose with attribution.
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## Citation
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If you use this benchmark, please cite the accompanying paper (forthcoming) and this dataset.
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## Companion resources
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- Production pipeline output (~3,000 confirmed citations): [`Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2)
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- Bi-encoder models: [`Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-sentence`](https://huggingface.co/Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-sentence), [`Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-window`](https://huggingface.co/Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-window)
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# Classical-Swedish Allusions: Gold Benchmark
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A small curated reference set of cross-lingual allusions from classical Greek and Latin into Swedish literature. Used as a held-out evaluation set for the [`Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2) project.
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## Purpose
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This is **not training data**. It is a fixed, public reference standard. Our cross-lingual allusion-detection system will aspire to recover these. The set was archived publicly **before** evaluating any system against it.
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The pairs were chosen to span several difficulty modes:
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## Files
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- `manual.tsv` — the raw gold pairs, tab-separated, headless, two columns: source_sentence, target_sentence. The source side matches sentences as they appear in the Perseus Digital Library, sentence tokenized with SaT-12l-sm, and Swedish text tokenized with the same model
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- `gold_benchmark.jsonl` — the expanded benchmark, one record per (source_window, target_window) positional variant. Each gold pair appears multiple times: the focal sentence can sit at positions 0..4 within its 5-sentence window on each side. This tests positional robustness.
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| `target_book` | str | Swedish book identifier |
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| `target_sent_idx` | int | Sentence index in the SaT-segmented Swedish text |
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## Languages
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## Source corpora
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- Greek + Latin: Perseus Digital Library, sentence-segmented
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- Swedish: hand-curated texts by Carl Magnus Juliusson and Eric Cullhed
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## License
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CC BY 4.0. Free to use for any purpose with attribution.
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## Companion resources
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- Production pipeline output (these samples are not in Litteraturbanken) (~3,000 confirmed citations): [`Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Ericu950/classical-swedish-citations-v2)
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- Bi-encoder models: [`Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-sentence`](https://huggingface.co/Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-sentence), [`Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-window`](https://huggingface.co/Ericu950/intertext-classical-swedish-window)
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