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greek-archimedes-measurement-circle
greek
A
[Greek — Κύκλου μέτρησις] Πᾶς κύκλος ἴσος ἐστὶ τριγώνῳ ὀρθογωνίῳ, οὗ ἡ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ κέντρου ἴση μιᾷ τῶν περὶ τὴν ὀρθήν, ἡ δὲ περίμετρος τῇ βάσει. Ἐχέτω ὁ ΑΒΓ△ κύκλος τριγώνῳ τῷ Ε, ὡς ὑπόκειται· λέγω ὅτι ἴσος ἐστίν. Εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, ἔστω μείζων ὁ κύκλος, καὶ ἐγγεγράφθω τὸ ΑΓ τετράγωνον, καὶ τετμήσθωσαν αἱ περιφέρειαι δίχα,...
Original Greek by Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287–212 BCE). Text survived via Byzantine manuscript tradition (Codex C). Critical edition by Johan Heiberg (1880, Leipzig: Teubner). English translation by Sir Thomas L. Heath (1897, Cambridge University Press) — now public domain. Greek XML digitized by OpenGreekAndLatin/F...
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0
greek-diophantus-arithmetica-ii-8
greek
A
[Greek — Tannery 1893 edition] Δεδομένον τετράγωνον ἀριθμὸν εἰς δύο τετραγώνους διελεῖν. Δέον δὴ τὸν ιϛ εἰς δύο τετραγώνους διελεῖν. Τεθήσεται ὁ πρῶτος δύναμις, ὁ δὲ δεύτερος ὁσάκις δὴ ἀριθμῶν ἐλλείπων μονάσι δύο τετράγωνος, τουτέστιν ἀριθμοὶ δύο ἐλλείποντες μονάσι δ᾿· καὶ αὐτὸν δεῖ ἴσον εἶναι τῷ λοιπῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ ιϛ τετρά...
Original Greek by Diophantus of Alexandria (fl. c. 250 CE). Critical Greek edition by Paul Tannery (1893–1895, Leipzig: Teubner) — public domain. English translation by Sir Thomas L. Heath (1910, Cambridge University Press) — public domain. No machine-readable Greek XML found in PerseusDL/First1KGreek as of 2026-05-08;...
[ "fermat-margin-note-link" ]
0
greek-ptolemy-almagest-proem-chord-table
greek
A
[Greek — Ptolemy, Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις I, Proem] Πάνυ καλῶς οἱ γνησίως φιλοσοφήσαντες, ὦ Σύρε, δοκοῦσί μοι κεχωρικέναι τὸ θεωρητικὸν τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἀπὸ τοῦ πρακτικοῦ. καὶ γὰρ εἰ συμβέβηκε καὶ τῷ πρακτικῷ πρότερον αὐτοῦ τούτου θεωρητικῷ τυγχάνειν, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἄν τις εὕροι μεγάλην οὖσαν ἐν αὐτοῖς διαφοράν, οὐ μόνον διὰ τὸ...
Original Greek by Claudius Ptolemy of Alexandria (c. 100–168 CE). Almagest composed c. 150 CE; dedicated to Syrus. Critical Greek edition by Johan Heiberg (1898–1903, Leipzig: Teubner). Standard English translation by G. J. Toomer (1984, Duckworth; repr. Springer 1998). Greek XML digitized by OpenGreekAndLatin/First1KG...
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0
greek-euclid-elements-i-47
greek
A
[Greek] ἐν τοῖς ὀρθογωνίοις τριγώνοις τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς τὴν ὀρθὴν γωνίαν ὑποτεινούσης πλευρᾶς τετράγωνον ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν τὴν ὀρθὴν γωνίαν περιεχουσῶν πλευρῶν τετραγώνοις. ἔστω τρίγωνον ὀρθογώνιον τὸ ΑΒΓ ὀρθὴν ἔχον τὴν ὑπὸ ΒΑΓ γωνίαν· λέγω, ὅτι τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΒΓ τετράγωνον ἴσον ἐστὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ΒΑ , ΑΓ τετραγώνοις. Ἀναγεγρ...
Original Greek text by Euclid of Alexandria (fl. ~300 BCE). Critical edition by Heiberg (1883–1888, Leipzig: Teubner). English translation by Sir Thomas L. Heath (1908, Cambridge University Press). Digitized by Perseus Digital Library (Tufts University) under CC-BY-SA-3.0. GitHub source: PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit tl...
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0
wasan-ajima-gion-problem-1774
chinese
A
祇園社算額 (Gion-sha Sangaku, Gion Shrine Tablet Problem), 1774. Solved by 安島直円 Ajima Naonobu (安島直円), 1732–1798. The Gion Temple (Gion-sha, Kyoto) sangaku problem of 1774 required finding the dimensions of a configuration involving nested geometric figures. The naive algebraic approach yielded an equation of the 1024th deg...
Smith, D.E. and Mikami, Y. (1914). A History of Japanese Mathematics, Chapter X: Ajima Chokuyen. Open Court Publishing, Chicago. Public domain. Wikisource: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_History_of_Japanese_Mathematics/Chapter_10. Primary problem: Gion Temple sangaku problem, attributed to Ajima Naonobu, 1774. Schola...
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0
wasan-seki-hatsubi-sanpo-1674
chinese
A
発微算法 (Hatsubi Sanpō, 'Trilogy of Clarification of Subtle Points'), 1674. Author: 関孝和 Seki Takakazu (also Seki Kōwa), c.1642–1708, Fujioka, Kōzuke Province. Seki's Hatsubi Sanpō solved fifteen problems left unsolved by Sawaguchi Kazuyuki in Kokon Sampō-ki (1670). Seki's solutions were expressed through final algebraic ...
Smith, D.E. and Mikami, Y. (1914). A History of Japanese Mathematics, Chapter VI: Seki Kōwa. Open Court Publishing, Chicago. Public domain. Wikisource: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_History_of_Japanese_Mathematics/Chapter_6. Primary treatise: Seki Takakazu (1674). Hatsubi Sanpō (発微算法). Edo, Japan. Original manuscrip...
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0
wasan-ajima-malfatti-circles-1770s
chinese
B
三斜三円術 (Sansha San'en Jutsu, 'Methods of Three Diagonals and Three Circles'). Author: 安島直円 Ajima Naonobu (also Ajima Manzō Chokuyen), 1732–1798. Samurai, Edo. Astronomer at the Shogun's Observatory. Ajima Naonobu posed the problem of inscribing three mutually tangent circles inside a triangle. This problem — solved by ...
Wikipedia (en), 'Ajima Naonobu', CC BY-SA 4.0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajima_Naonobu. Primary problem context: Ajima Naonobu (fl. 1770s). Sansha San'en Jutsu (三斜三円術, 'Methods of Three Diagonals and Three Circles'). Manuscript. Edo, Japan. Smith & Mikami (1914), Chapter X: 'Ajima Chokuyen.' Martzloff, J.-C. (1997)...
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1
wasan-seki-determinants-1683
chinese
B
解伏題之法 (Kaifukudai no Hō) and elimination theory — Seki Takakazu, 1683. Seki Takakazu (関孝和, c.1642–1708) developed the theory of determinants independently of Leibniz. His first formulation appears in manuscripts of 1683; a complete version was developed by 1710, compiled in the Taisei Sankei (大成算経), co-authored with h...
Wikipedia (en), 'Seki Takakazu', CC BY-SA 4.0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seki_Takakazu. Primary source: Seki Takakazu (1683). Kaifukudai no Hō (解伏題之法). Manuscript. Edo, Japan. Also: Seki Takakazu and Takebe Katahiro (1683–1710). Taisei Sankei (大成算経). 20 extant volumes of a projected 43. Scholarship: Smith & Mikami ...
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1
korean-hong-guiljip-1724
chinese
C
구일집 (九一集, Guiljip), c.1724. Author: 홍정하 Hong Jeong-ha (洪正夏), 1684–1727. Joseon Dynasty, Korea. Hong Jeong-ha came from the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨), a family with a multi-generational tradition of mathematical scholarship. He passed the 산학 (sanghak) examination — the official Joseon civil service mathematics examinat...
Wikipedia (ko), '홍정하', CC BY-SA 4.0. https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EC%A0%95%ED%95%98. Primary treatise: Hong Jeong-ha (홍정하, 洪正夏), c.1684–1727. Guiljip (구일집/九一集). Joseon Dynasty, Korea. c.1724. Scholarship fallback: Horng, W.-S. (2002). Hua Hengfang and his Arithmetic — context for Qing/Joseon mathematical exc...
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2
poincare-science-hypothesis-1902-geometry
math
A
PART II — SPACE CHAPTER III — NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES Every conclusion presupposes premises, and the premises of mathematics are not the results of experiment. The geometric axioms are therefore neither synthetic a priori intuitions nor experimental facts. They are conventions. Our choice among all possible conventi...
Internet Archive OCR scan (sciencehypothesi00poin, 1905 English translation) → Original French: La Science et l'Hypothèse, Flammarion 1902 → Chapters on non-Euclidean geometry and space originally appeared in various French reviews 1890s → Poincaré's engagement with Lobachevsky's and Bolyai's non-Euclidean geometries a...
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0
poincare-science-method-1908-mathematical-creation
math
A
LA SCIENCE ET LA MÉTHODE (1908) — Chapter: Mathematical Creation (English translation, Project Gutenberg ebook 39713) The genesis of mathematical discovery is a problem which must inspire the psychologist with the keenest interest. For this is a process in which the human mind seems to borrow least from the exterior w...
Project Gutenberg ebook 39713 (English translation, public domain, retrieved 2026-05-09) → Original French: La Science et la Méthode, Flammarion, Paris 1908 → Chapter 'L'Invention mathématique' originally a lecture delivered to the Société de Psychologie, Paris, 1908 → Poincaré's personal account of discovering Fuchsia...
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0
kluver-form-constants-1926-classification
math
C
KLÜVER'S FORM CONSTANTS — CLASSIFICATION OF GEOMETRIC VISUAL HALLUCINATION PATTERNS Heinrich Klüver (1928) identified four fundamental categories of geometric visual hallucination patterns — form constants — that appear recurrently across diverse altered states including mescaline ingestion, hypnagogia, sensory depriv...
Wikipedia 'Form constant' article (CC-BY-SA 4.0, retrieved 2026-05-09) synthesizing → Klüver, H. (1926). Mescal visions and eidetic vision. Am J Psychol 37(4):502-515. JSTOR 1415143 → Klüver, H. (1928). Mescal: The 'Divine' Plant and Its Psychological Effects. Kegan Paul, London. IA deposit mescaldivineplan00klu → Klüv...
[ "WIKIPEDIA_SOURCE" ]
2
lakoff-nunez-2000-embodied-mathematics
math
B
TITLE: Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being AUTHORS: George Lakoff, Rafael E. Núñez PUBLISHER: Basic Books, New York, 2000. ISBN 0-465-03770-4 NOTE: Full text copyright Basic Books. This record is a scholarship-fallback synthesis drawing on published reviews and Núñez (2017...
Published scholarly reviews and citations (scholarship fallback — Basic Books copyright held) → Lakoff, G. & Núñez, R.E. (2000). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books, New York. ISBN 0-465-03770-4 → Builds on: Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory (Women, Fire, and...
[ "SCHOLARSHIP_FALLBACK" ]
1
bressloff-cowan-golubitsky-2001-hallucinations-symmetry
math
B
TITLE: Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex AUTHORS: P.C. Bressloff, J.D. Cowan, M. Golubitsky, P.J. Thomas, M.C. Wiener JOURNAL: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences VOLUME: 356(1407), PAGES: 299-330, DATE: 29 March 20...
PubMed abstract PMID 11316482 (verbatim, retrieved 2026-05-09) → Phil Trans R Soc B 356(1407):299-330, 29 March 2001 → DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0769, PMC: 1088430 → Authors: P.C. Bressloff (Utah), J.D. Cowan (Chicago), M. Golubitsky (Houston), P.J. Thomas (Case Western), M.C. Wiener (NIH) → Builds on: Ermentrout & Cowan ...
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1

ABACUS Provenance Trainset v0.1

Phase 1 (bootstrap) — labeled from existing ABACUS corpus TEA records. Phase 2 will add active ingest to fill gaps.

Purpose

Training data for the W6.2 BERT provenance classifier (Decision #53). Classifies text snippets into provenance tiers A / B / C:

Tier Definition
A Primary source — original-language scholarly edition, manuscript transcription, peer-reviewed critical edition. Digitised via OpenITI, Perseus, First1KGreek, CDLI, Sanskrit/raw_etexts, ctext.org, etc. No translated-by intermediary.
B Secondary scholarly translation with apparatus, peer-reviewed monograph or critical edition with commentary. Tradition-preserving lineage. Post-1929 but pre-Bourbaki epistemic stance.
C Popularization, encyclopedic, derivative, web-content. Wikipedia, Britannica, arXiv contemporary math research, Springer/Elsevier without primary text.

Tradition Classes

Key Coverage
islamic OpenITI / Athar / Sufi-mystical / Arabic-Persian sources
greek Greek-Hellenistic / Perseus / First1KGreek / Greek-Classical
vedic Vedic-Kerala / Sanskrit / raw_etexts / GRETIL
chinese East-Asian-Wasan / ctext / Kanseki / Japanese / Korean
math Pre-mathematical-substrate / Erdős / MathOverflow / methodology / failed-approaches / misattribution

Counts

Tradition Tier A Tier B Tier C Total
chinese 3 3 2 8
greek 5 0 0 5
islamic 0 0 0 0
math 3 3 2 8
vedic 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 11 6 4 21

Labeling

Labels are deterministic, derived from provenance_chain and contamination_flags using the callable function label_provenance_tier(row) in pattern/scripts/provenance_tier_labeler.py (Garman-Unified-Systems/abacus repo).

UNKNOWN-tier rows are excluded from this dataset.

Split

90/10 train/test, stratified by (tradition, tier).

Source

ABACUS TEA corpus — Garman-Unified-Systems/abacus pattern/corpus/data/*.jsonl. All source texts are public domain or CC-BY-SA-3.0/4.0.

Phase 2 Gap Map

See _provenance_labels_v0_1_audit.md in the source repo for cells under 50 / under 20 / empty.

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